With the continuous recognition of the physiological efficacy and economic value of curcumin, obtaining high-yield and high-purity curcumin products is the focus of research by many merchants and scholars. At present, the commonly used methods for extracting curcumin include the ethanol reflux method, percolation method, acid-base method, sodium salicylate method, enzyme method, ultrasonic method, microwave extraction method, and supercritical CO2 method.
1 Ethanol reflux method
The reflux method refers to the use of volatile organic solvents, such as ethanol, to extract active ingredients from medicinal materials. The method firstly heats the leaching solution, then distills the solvent, and then condenses and refluxes into the leaching device, and continues to be used as an extractant to extract the active ingredients of the medicinal materials. completely extracted. The reflow method includes the reflow hot dipping method and the reflow cold dipping method, which can be selected according to actual needs. The reflux heat soaking method is commonly used, and the operation of this method is simple, but due to the long heating time of the leaching solution, it is not suitable for the leaching of medicinal materials whose active ingredients are easily damaged by heat.
2 Infiltration method
The percolation method is a method of placing moderately crushed medicinal materials in a percolating cylinder and continuously adding an extraction solvent to the upper part. The solvent gradually penetrates the medicinal material layer and flows downward, thereby extracting the active ingredients of the medicinal materials. The percolation method is a dynamic leaching extraction method, which has a higher utilization rate of the solvent, can more completely leach the active ingredients, and can directly collect the leaching liquid. This method is suitable for the extraction of precious, toxic, high-concentration preparations and medicinal materials with low content of active ingredients. However, this method is not suitable for the extraction of fresh or highly swellable and unstructured medicinal materials.
3 Acid-base method
Since curcumin has a phenolic hydroxyl structure, and the phenolic hydroxyl group can be dissolved in an alkaline solution, using this principle, curcumin is dissolved in an alkaline solution, and then the pH value is adjusted with dilute hydrochloric acid until the curcumin is precipitated, and curcumin is obtained. This extraction method is the acid-base extraction method.
4 Sodium salicylate method
The curcumin obtained by the sodium salicylate extraction method has high product purity, and the method is simple to use and requires low equipment. Sodium salicylate has good reusability, so this method is low in cost and worthy of choice.
5 Enzymatic method
The plant cell wall is composed of cellulose and pectin and other components. The enzyme extraction method is a method of using appropriate enzymes to destroy the plant cell wall so that the active ingredients are extracted.
6 Ultrasonic method
Ultrasonic extraction method refers to an extraction method in which the cell walls of the plants subjected to ultrasonic treatment are destroyed, and the penetration rate of the extraction solvent increases, so that the active ingredients in the cells quickly enter the solvent, thereby improving the extraction rate of active ingredients. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium, through mechanical action, cavitation, and thermal action, it will produce a series of effects such as force effect, thermal effect, optical effect, electrical effect, and chemical effect, and then play its role. Due to the short extraction time of this extraction method, the damage to active substances caused by long-term treatment can be reduced.
7 Microwave method
The microwave extraction method has the characteristics of simple operation and short extraction time. In recent years, it has been widely used in the extraction of active components of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. It is a new and efficient separation technology. Microwave extraction is to heat medicinal materials and their extractants through the thermal effect of microwaves. Due to the different abilities of different substances to absorb microwaves, certain regions of the extracted substances or certain substances in the entire extraction system are selectively heated. , At this time, the extract is separated from the system, and then enters the extractant with a small dielectric constant and a poor microwave absorption capacity, so that the effective components are extracted.
8 Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Supercritical extraction is a new and efficient extraction technology. It has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, fast extraction speed, high safety factor, low energy consumption, environmental protection, and convenient use. The use of this technology to extract active ingredients from natural products has attracted much attention and attention.
9 Ultra-high pressure extraction method
Ultra-high pressure technology is mainly used to promote protein modification, starch gelatinization, enzyme inactivation, microbial inactivation, etc. In recent years, it has been gradually used in the extraction of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. The extraction principle of ultra-high pressure technology is: at room temperature, apply a hydrostatic pressure of 100-1000MPa to the mixture of extraction solvent and traditional Chinese medicine, and treat it for a period of time under the set static pressure until the pressure inside and outside the plant cells. to an equilibrium state and relieve pressure as quickly as possible. Due to the sudden increase of the osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the cell, the structure of the cell membrane changes, so that the active substances in the cells can pass through the cell membrane and be transferred into the extract, so as to achieve the purpose of extracting and separating the active substances.
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