Glutathione (referred to as GSH) is the king of antioxidants, the best nutrient and health assistant for the human body. If people want to stay young, healthy, and live a long life, GSH levels must be raised. High levels of GSH in the blood predict better health and longevity; low levels of GSH predict greater susceptibility to disease and earlier death.
Glutathione is a very special amino acid derivative and a tripeptide containing a sulfhydryl group, which plays an important role in the body, so glutathione is widely used in clinical practice.
What is clinical glutathione used for?
1. Glutathione, as an antidote, can be used for the treatment of poisonings such as acrylonitrile, fluoride, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and organic solvents.
2. As an antioxidant, GSH can protect cell membranes from oxidative damage, prevent red blood cell hemolysis and promote the reduction of methemoglobin.
3. GSH has a protective effect on symptoms such as radiation, radioactive drugs, or leukopenia caused by tumor drugs.
4. GSH can correct the unbalance of acetylcholine and cholinesterase, and play an anti-allergic effect.
5. GSH has a relieving effect on hypoxemia, nausea, and discomfort caused by liver disease.
6. GSH can prevent skin aging and pigmentation, reduce the formation of melanin, improve the skin's antioxidant capacity and make the skin shiny.
7. GSH also has the effect of treating keratopathy.
8. GSH can improve sexual function.
It has recently been found that GSH may also have HIV-inhibiting effects. With the continuous deepening of the research on glutathione, glutathione will have more uses in the clinical and medical fields.
Where is glutathione found?
Glutathione was first discovered by Hopkins in 1921, and it is divided into two categories: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG). GSH mainly exists in yeast, animal liver, muscle, and blood in nature. The content of GSH in human red blood cells is very high (70mg/100 red blood cells), and almost all of them are reduced. Glutathione can be synthesized in red blood cells. Many plants, such as vegetables, beans, grains, potatoes, mushrooms, etc. also contain GSH. Glutathione is present at high levels (~5mM) in animal cells and acts as a sulfhydryl-based buffer. It cycles between the reduced and oxidized forms, in which the two tripeptides are held together by disulfide bonds. GSSG is reduced by glutathione reductase, a flavoprotein that uses NADPH as an electron source. The ratio of GSH to GSSG in most biological cells is greater than 500.
In 1930, the chemical structure of GSH was confirmed, and then J. Rudinger et al. synthesized glutathione successively. The molecular weight of GSH is 307.33, and the melting point is 189~193°C (decomposition).
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