With the aging of the global population and the neurological damage caused by other factors such as viruses and the environment, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis ( Neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke have seriously endangered human health, and the incidence is increasing and younger.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a vitamin B3 nutrient composed of nicotinamide and ribose. It naturally exists in yeast, bacteria, milk, and mammals. It is an important coenzyme for oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative metabolism in the body— - Precursor and exogenous supplement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
NR and Nervous System Disorders
Nervous system diseases (such as AD, PD, stroke, etc.) can be caused by various factors such as viral infection, poisoning, and genetic defects, which seriously affect the physical health and quality of life of patients. Studies have shown that NR can effectively prevent and treat neurodegenerative/degenerative diseases such as PD, AD, and stroke, and may become an effective clinical treatment plan for neurodegenerative/degenerative diseases.
1 The therapeutic effect of NR on AD
The study found that NR significantly improved neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and DNA damage in AD model mice, and improved learning, memory, and motor function in mice. Furthermore, in rodent models of AD, NR can reduce oxidative damage and prevent cognitive decline. Oral or dietary supplementation of NR can reduce neuroinflammation and amyloidosis in the whole brain, improve learning and memory impairment, and cognitive impairment, and prevent dementia in aged and AD mice.
2 The therapeutic effect of NR on PD
The study confirmed that in the Drosophila PD model, NR prevented the loss of dopamine neurons and the decline of motor function, and had a neuroprotective effect on PD and neurodegenerative diseases. In the Caenorhabditis elegans PD model, NR prevented dopamine neuron degeneration and behavioral deficits by elevating NAD+ levels.
3 Antidepressant effects of NR
Studies have found that neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic status, and neuronal death are closely related to the occurrence of depression. NR can effectively improve depressive-like behaviors in adolescent rats after mother-infant isolation, improve spatial learning and memory ability, and exert antidepressant effects by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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