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Sialic Acids

Sialic Acids

Sialic Acid belongs to a group of monosaccharides. Present in animals and certain bacteria, it resides at the extremity of sugar chains within glycoproteins and glycolipids. Initially discovered in the mucin of the submandibular gland, it earned its name from this origin.

PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

PRODUCT INTRODUCTION

Xi'an JinRui International Trade Ltd.

 

 

Xi'an JinRui International Trade Ltd. Founded in Hong Kong in 2010, YSG is a holding company of one companies.The company is Sanyuan Jinrui Natural Ingredients Co., Ltd., a company dedicated to the research, development and production of professional and specialized plant extracts. Jinrui's production and process base is located inside the Sanyuan County Qinghe Food Industrial Park.

 

Why Choose US

 

Our Factory
Jinrui's production and process base is located inside the Sanyuan County Qinghe Food Industrial Park. Established in 2006, the base occupies a plot of 26,000 square meters and takes full advantage of the "plant gene database" that is the nearby Qin Mountains. Using plants as natural raw materials and cutting-edge technology for the extraction process, Jinrui is well-known as one of the country's foremost plant extraction producers.

 

Our Product
With advanced production equipment and a complete quality inspection system, it provides high-quality natural products for industries such as health food, health care products, cosmetics, medicines, and feed. And technical services, established stable sales channels around the world.

 

Our Certificate
Our products have passed the US FDA registration, Kosher certification, Halal certification, ISO9001 certification, HACCP certification, and have obtained SC production license, health food business license, and export food production enterprise registration.

 

Our Service
The company always adheres to the principle of quality first and honesty, and sincerely cooperates with you with high-quality products and excellent services.

 

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Powder

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Powder

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Powder is a kind of product that uses dried and mature ginkgo leaves as raw accoutrements and uses applicable detergents to enrich the effective factors of the extract.

Chickpea Powder

Chickpea Powder

Garbanzo beans, or chickpea powder, is processed into a powder and used to make chickpea flour. It is a common ingredient in Middle Eastern and Indian meals like hummus and falafel. Because to its high fiber and protein content, as well as its many minerals and B vitamins, the flour is highly healthy.

Organic Chickpea Protein Powder

Organic Chickpea Protein Powder

Organic Chickpea Protein Powder is an excellent source of protein and an essential component of diets worldwide.

Star Anise Extract

Star Anise Extract

Star Anise Extract is a potent natural extract. It is also heart-healthy and beneficial to women's health. Vitamins A and C in particular are abundant in star anise. This component is found in soaps and natural dental care products, as well as in natural supplements that boost immunity and digestion. It also benefits in digestion and preserves a healthy sleep cycle. Mixing star anise extract with clove, ginger, and cinnamon brings out the rich, woodsy taste.

Shikimic Acid

Shikimic Acid

Shikimic Acid, a naturally occurring substance of economic importance, is a precursor of Tamiflu. These days, hundreds of tons of star anise (Illicium verum) are extracted or fermented to make it. Because of its intrinsic chirality and practical carbon backbone, acid shikimic has become particularly well-known for its extensive use as a flexible chiral precursor in organic synthesis, in addition to its role in the creation of Tamiflu.

Chick Pea Powder

Chick Pea Powder

Chickpea Powder, sometimes referred to as Bengal gram or garbanzo bean powder, is an annual plant in the Fabaceae family that is prized for its wholesome seeds. Chickpeas are a significant food plant in India, Africa, Central and South America, and other parts of the world. The seeds have a high protein and fiber content and are a rich source of folic acid, iron, and phosphorus.

Chickpea Protein Powder

Chickpea Protein Powder

Chickpea protein powder, also known as gram flour, garbanzo bean flour, or just besan, is a popular food in many countries, especially in Asia and the Middle East. For example, it's considered an essential ingredient in Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, and Nepalese cuisine.

Beta Gucan Powder

Beta Gucan Powder

Beta glucan powder, a soluble fiber easily produced from oat and barley grains, is gaining interest due to its many functional and bioactive qualities. It has been demonstrated to aid in the prevention of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. It is plausible that the potential health advantages of -glucans stem from their ability to ferment and generate extremely viscous solutions within the human digestive system.

Beta 1 3 1 6 Glucan

Beta 1 3 1 6 Glucan

Beta 1 3 1 6 glucan are present in the yeast cell walls of the widely used strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. shows the sub-atomic design of a beta-1,3/1,6-glucan. Glucose molecules are joined by a beta-1,3- link in the molecule's main chain, or backbone. Through beta-1,6-binding, the molecule's backbone also contains glucose molecules as side "branches."

 

What is Sialic Acids

 

Sialic Acid belongs to a group of monosaccharides. Present in animals and certain bacteria, it resides at the extremity of sugar chains within glycoproteins and glycolipids. Initially discovered in the mucin of the submandibular gland, it earned its name from this origin. With a diverse range of species, over 50 varieties are presently identified. The prevalent derivative of sialic acids in mammals is N-acetylneuraminic acid. Its close association with human health and diseases underscores its pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes, including but not limited to development, inflammation, pathogenic infections, and brain development.

 

Advantages of Sialic Acids
 

Improve intelligence and memory
Sialic Acid is an important component of brain gangliosides. Nerve cell membranes contain 20 times more than other cells. Since the transmission of brain information and the conduction of nerve impulses must be realized through synapses, sialic acid is a brain nutrient that acts on brain cell membranes and synapses. Therefore, it can promote the development of memory and intelligence.

 

Anti-senile dementia
It is high in the human brain, which is related to the growth of nerve cells. Patients with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and schizophrenia have decreased levels of sialic acid in the brain or blood. After drug treatment, its content returned to normal.

 

Improve intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals
Its negative charge makes red blood cells and other cells repel each other, avoiding meaningless cell interactions in blood circulation. According to the principle of attraction of opposites, the positively charged minerals (such as Ca2 +) and some vitamins (such as the extremely small amount of vitamin B12 contained in food) that enter the intestinal tract are easily combined with extremely strong negatively charged Sialic acid binds together.

 

Antibacterial detoxification
It can form a competitive combination with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, and virus particles entering the intestinal tract. Thereby preventing intestinal toxins, pathogenic bacteria, and virus particles from combining with intestinal mucosal cells.

 

Application of Sialic Acids

 
 
01
 

Food field

The wider application of Sialic Acids is to add it to infant milk powder as an ingredient to promote brain growth. Adding it to drinks makes a functional drink. Long-term drinking of the drink can not only prevent colds but also improve the absorption capacity of the intestinal tract to vitamins and minerals.

 
02
 

Pharmaceutical field

It plays an important role in the anti-influenza virus, anti-parainfluenza virus, anti-rotavirus, anti-respiratory syncytial virus, and anti-adenovirus. At present, anti-influenza virus drugs developed using it as a precursor have become a research hotspot.

 
03
 

Beauty products

It can be used to produce skin care products for lightening, whitening, moisturizing, moisturizing, and anti-aging.

唾液酸

 

Specification

 

ITEMS

STANDARD

Fermentation

Appearance

White crystal powder

Visual

Smell

Sweet and sour taste

Organoleptic

Assay

NLT98.0%

Enterprise standard

SO42-(2% Solution)

NMT0.05%

CP2015

pH

1.8~2.3

CP2015

Loss on Drying

NMT2.0%

CP2015 (105 oC, 3 h)

Ignition Residue

NMT2.0%

CP2015 (600 oC, 4 h)

Aflatoxin B1

NMT5.0μg/kg

CP2015

Pb

NMT0.8ppm

CP2015(AAS)

As

NMT0.4ppm

CP2015(AAS)

Hg

NMT0.2ppm

CP2015(AAS)

Total Plate Count

NMT1,000cfu/g

CP2015

Yeasts/Moulds

NMT100cfu/g

CP2015

Enterobacteriaceae

NMT60MPN/100g

CP2015

Staphylococcus Aureus

Not detected

CP2015

Salmonella

Not detected

CP2015

 

Structure of Sialic Acids

 

The sialic acid family includes many derivatives of the nine-carbon sugar neuraminic acid, but these acids rarely appear free in nature. Normally they can be found as components of oligosaccharide chains of mucins, glycoproteins and glycolipids occupying terminal, nonreducing positions of complex carbohydrates on both external and internal membrane areas where they are very exposed and develop important functions.


The numbering of the carbon atoms starts at the carboxylate carbon and continues along the chain. The configuration that places the carboxylate in the axial position is the alpha-anomer.


The alpha-anomer is the form that is found when sialic acid is bound to glycans. However, in solution, it is mainly (over 90%) in the beta-anomeric form. A bacterial enzyme with sialic acid mutarotase activity, NanM, that is able to rapidly equilibrate solutions of sialic acid to the resting equilibrium position of around 90% beta/10% alpha has been discovered.


In contrast to other animals, humans are genetically unable to produce the sialic acid variant N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Small amounts of Neu5Gc detected in human tissue however may be incorporated from exogenous (nutrient) sources.

 

Features of Sialic Acids

 

 

Sialic acid containing glycoproteins (sialoglycoproteins) bind selectin in humans and other organisms. Metastatic cancer cells often express a high density of sialic acid-rich glycoproteins. This overexpression of sialic acid on surfaces creates a negative charge on cell membranes. This creates repulsion between cells (cell opposition) and helps these late-stage cancer cells enter the blood stream. Recent experiments have demonstrated the presence of sialic acid in the cancer-secreted extracellular matrix.


Sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides on the glycoconjugates (glycolipids, glycoproteins, proteoglycans) found on surface membranes help keep water at the surface of cells[citation needed]. The sialic acid-rich regions contribute to creating a negative charge on the cells' surfaces. Since water is a polar molecule with partial positive charges on both hydrogen atoms, it is attracted to cell surfaces and membranes. This also contributes to cellular fluid uptake.


Sialic acid residues are present in the mucin glycoproteins of mucus.


Sialic acid can "hide" mannose antigens on the surface of host cells or bacteria from mannose-binding lectin.[citation needed] This prevents activation of complement.


Sialic acid in the form of polysialic acid is an unusual posttranslational modification that occurs on the neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs). In the synapse, the strong negative charge of the polysialic acid prevents NCAM cross-linking of cells.


Administration of estrogen to castrated mice leads to a dose-dependent reduction of the sialic acid content of the vagina. Conversely, the sialic acid content of mouse vagina is a measure of the potency of the estrogen. Reference substances are estradiol for subcutaneous application and ethinylestradiol for oral administration.

 

Sialic Acids

 

Biosynthesis of Sialic Acids

Sialic acid synthesis in animals takes place primarily in the cytosol and involves four enzymes participating in a five-step process. The dual activity enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ ManNAc-6-kinase (gene symbol GNE) converts the starting substrate uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) to N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) with removal of the UDP moiety and epimerization of the carbohydrate. The kinase function of the same enzyme phosphorylates the sugar to produce N-acetyl-d-mannose 6-phosphate (ManNAc-6-P). The condensation reaction between phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) and ManNAc-6-P initiated by NeuAc-9-P-synthetase (gene symbol NANS) results in the phosphorylated sialic acid precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid 9-phopshate (Neu5Ac-9-P). This precursor is dephosphorylated by Neu5Ac-9-P-phosphatase (gene symbol NANP) to produce the key sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (2-ketoacetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulosonic acid; Neu5Ac).

 

What Foods Contain Sialic Acid

 

 

Sialic Acid Powder is a naturally occurring carbohydrate.It was originally isolated from the mucin of the submandibular gland, hence the name.

N-acetylneuraminic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a nine-carbon monosaccharide. It is also the name for the most common member of this group, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) and this is the name used by CIMA.

It is usually present in the form of oligosaccharides, glycolipids or glycoproteins.The brain has the highest levels of Sialic Acid Powder in the human body.The Sialic Acid Powder content in the gray matter is 15 times that of the liver, lungs and other internal organs.

The main food source of Sialic Acid Powder is breast milk, also found in milk, eggs and cheese.Dietary sources that are rich in Neu5Gc include red meats such as beef, pork, lamb, and to a much lesser degree, cow's milk products.

Riotto is a professional manufacturer and supplier for natural ingredients for Dietary Supplements,Functional Foods and Beverages,Sport Nutition,Cosmetics and PharmaceuticalsN-acetylneuraminic acid(Neu5Ac, NAN, NANA) is manufactured up to large scale to customer order.

 

Working Principle of Sialic Acids

 

Being located at the terminal position of glycans, sialic acids are a likely point of contact for many glycoprotein interactions. They are also important for the stability and 3D conformation of glycoproteins and are involved in many biological interactions:
Sialyation of IgG reduces ADCC and increases anti-inflammatory activity.
● Neuraminic acids increase the serum half-life of glycoproteins by preventing uptake by the liver's asialoglycoprotein receptor.
● NGNA(Neu5Gc), a glycan not found in humans, can illicit an immune response and lead to increased neutralization of biopharmaceuticals.
● Cell line choice can greatly influence the type of neuraminic acids present on a biopharmaceutical, for example a large portion of the sialic acids on mouse IgG are often NGNA.

 

Application In Mother And Baby Food

 

 

Sialic Acid Powder, as a nutritional fortifier, is widely used in infant formula, yogurt, dairy ingredients, beverages, and other foods.
Japan's Sun Chemical Company has produced a functional drink from egg yolk. Egg yolk sialic acid oligosaccharides are used as food ingredients and nutritional supplements for infants and are suitable as weaning foods for infants and nutritional products for patients.
Its use in nutritional supplements for pregnant women is also gaining attention.

 

The Sialic Acid-Binding Lectins of the Immune System

 

 

The sialic acids represent Self-Associated Molecular Patterns (SAMPs), which are recognized by inhibitory receptors with the objective to diminish unwanted immune reactions. These immune modulations can be mediated through interactions of Siglecs with sialylated glycoconjugates. The Siglec family, which includes 14 active members in humans, are type I transmembrane proteins containing an extracellular N-terminal V-set immunoglobulin (Ig) domain that is responsible for sialic acid recognition followed by a variable number (1 to 16) of so-called C2-type Ig-like domains that act as spacers, leading the ligand binding site away from the surface.The number of C2-type domains determines the mode of interaction with sialic acid-containing glycans.


In most cases, sialic acid interacts with a Siglec on the same cell surface in cis-mode, whereas Siglec-1, for example, binds sialoglycans in trans, i.e. on adjacent cells. As a result, in cis interactions dominate over interactions with trans ligands, without precluding binding of ligands in trans. As such, the Siglecs are integral to maintaining immune homeostasis. However, they also serve to sense pathogen-associated sialic acids, but equally can represent potential vulnerability for the host where pathogens sialyated glycans are concerned. The interplay between Siglecs and sialylated pathogens - bacterial, viral and protozoan - represents an emergent field.

 

FAQ

 

Q: What does sialic acid do?

A: Siglec proteins are expressed on the cell surface and are highly specific for sialylated ligands. Terminal sialic acids on cell surface glycoconjugates act as ligands for cell surface Siglecs, masking the Siglecs and preventing binding to external pathogens.

Q: What are the benefits of sialic acid?

A: Sialic acid is essential for the development of the brain and immune system in neonates and young children. Sialic acid is essential for fetal brain development. Early infancy is a time of rapid and critical brain development, and sialic acid plays a regulatory role in this process.

Q: What is the most common sialic acid?

A: Although 5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, sometimes called "NANA") is the most common sialic acid (Sia) in humans, the Sia family is comprised of related structures (Figure 15.1) that vary at the C-5 carbon, including 5-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid.

Q: What is sialic acid rich in?

A: Human milk is a rich source of sialic acid containing oligosaccharides. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been shown to inhibit microbial pathogens in vitro and in vivo (Newburg, 1999).

Q: Is sialic acid good for the skin?

A: Salicylic acid for skin is considered one of the best treatments for acne scars and marks. It is an excellent exfoliant that helps to remove acne-causing bacteria, slough dead skin cells and fade dark spots or marks. In addition, it evens the skin tone and treats skin discoloration.

Q: What is an example of a sialic acid?

A: Sialic acids include Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, and KDN. KDO is a closely related eight-carbon keto-deoxy acid that is found in several types of prokaryotes and plants. Figure 21. Modifications to sialic acids result in over 50 different naturally occurring molecules.

Q: Do humans make sialic acid?

A: Sialic acids decorate the surfaces of most mammalian cells and are used by many viruses as attachment receptors. In contrast to other mammals, humans cannot synthesize a version of sialic acid known as N-glycolyl neuraminic acid. This difference is exploited by some viruses to establish tropism.

Q: Can I use sialic acid and retinol?

A: When using two potent, acne-fighting ingredients, it's wise to take precautions before combining them. While using salicylic acid and retinol in your skincare regimen is perfectly safe and can make it more effective, it may lead to dry skin when used too frequently.

Q: What is another name for sialic acid?

A: N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in human cells, and many mammalian cells. Other forms, such as N-Glycolylneuraminic acid, may also occur in cells.

Q: Where is sialic acid found in the human body?

A: Diverse sialic acids are found on several mucosal surfaces in the human body, including the oral cavity and the intestinal tract.

Q: Why is it called sialic acid?

A: Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. The term "sialic acid" (from Greek σίαλον (síalon) 'saliva') was first introduced by Swedish biochemist Gunnar Blix in 1952.

Q: Does sialic acid cause inflammation?

A: 7 cell inflammation. The results revealed that sialic acid significantly reduced inflammation and MAPK phosphorylation in vivo. In vitro, sialic acid markedly inhibited the productions of pro-inflammatory cytokine, MAPK pathway activation, and the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and AP-1.

Q: Does sialic acid provide energy?

A: Sialic acids also are excellent sources of carbon, nitrogen, energy, and precursors of cell wall biosynthesis.

Q: Which bacteria has sialic acid?

A: Sialic acids are also found in Fungi and some protozoa, although the latter likely can only scavenge them from the host. Current studies have shown that several bacterial pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, H. ducreyi, Pasteurella multocida, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N.

Q: What enzyme removes sialic acid?

A: The enzyme can be used to cleave sialic acids from proteins. A mixture of N-glycosidase F, O-glycosidase, and neuraminidase is often useful (O-glycans often have sialidized structures that could be hydrolyzed by neuraminidase and then O-glycosidase could continue hydrolyzing the structure).

Q: How do you remove sialic acid?

A: Is a sialidase mix for complete removal of sialic acids from native glycoproteins. SialEXO is used for removal of sialic acids on native glycoproteins, and it works on both O- and N-linked glycans. It is a combination of two sialidases acting on α2-3, α2-6 and α2-8 linkages.

Q: Is there sialic acid in human milk?

A: Human milk contains 0.3-1.5 mg/ml of sialic acid. Sialic acid bound to oligosaccharides accounts for about 75% of the total sialic acid contained in human milk. Most of the sialic acid contained in human milk is found in the form of sialyllactose, an oligosaccharide formed from lactose and sialic acid.

Q: What is sialic acid used for?

A: The evidence so far accumulated indicates that sialic acids actually play crucial roles in various biological processes by influencing chemical and biological features of glycoproteins and glycolipids, probably due to their negative charge and by recognizing and masking biological sites in intermolecular .

Q: What foods are high in sialic acid?

A: However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides.

Q: Synthesis of Sialic Acids?

A: In vertebrate systems, they are derived by condensation of ManNAc-6-P (for Neu5Ac) or Man-6-P (for Kdn) with phosphoenolpyruvate. The ManNAc-6-P is produced by a bifunctional enzyme (encoded by GNE) that converts UDP-GlcNAc to ManNAc-6-P and UDP in two steps.

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